Atlas
Urinalysis

Urine microscopy

Microscopic exam of urine sediment — casts, crystals, cells.

Sample
Fresh spun urine
Biology

What it measures

Centrifuged sediment examined at 400×.

Multi-marker patterns

Pattern recognition

RBC casts

Pathognomonic for glomerular bleeding — glomerulonephritis until proven otherwise.

WBC casts

Pyelonephritis or interstitial nephritis (often eosinophiluria with the latter).

Muddy-brown granular casts

Acute tubular necrosis.

Waxy / broad casts

Chronic kidney disease with dilated nephrons.

Hyaline casts

Nonspecific — dehydration, exercise, normal urine.

Related

Related biomarkers