Atlas
Vitamins

25-OH vitamin D25(OH)D

Storage form of vitamin D; the standard measurement of vitamin D status.

Sample
Serum
Clinical reference range
30 to 100 ng/mL
Sufficient (Endocrine Soc)
Conv: 30100 ng/mLFunc: 4060 ng/mL
Biology

What it measures

Cutaneous synthesis from 7-dehydrocholesterol → cholecalciferol → 25-hydroxylation in liver. Activated to 1,25(OH)₂D in kidney.

Clinical use

Why we order it

Diagnose deficiency, monitor supplementation. Measurement in healthy adults without risk factors is not routinely recommended (USPSTF I).

Lens · Clinical

Interpretation by lens

Clinical interpretation

Treat <20 ng/mL with 50 000 IU weekly × 8 weeks then maintenance. <30 with risk factors → 1000–2000 IU/day.

Functional interpretation

Functional optimal 40–60 ng/mL; values >100 increase hypercalcemia risk.

Differential

Causes of abnormal values

Causes of HIGH
  • Supplementation
  • Granulomatous disease (sarcoidosis, TB) — measure 1,25(OH)₂D
Causes of LOW
  • Limited sun exposure
  • Dark skin at high latitude
  • Obesity (sequestration)
  • Malabsorption
  • CKD
  • Anticonvulsants
Pitfalls

Pre-analytic & interpretation traps

  • !Vitamin D2 supplementation may be underestimated by some immunoassays; LC-MS/MS preferred.
Evidence-graded claims

What the data says

B
Vitamin D supplementation prevents fractures and falls in older adults
Modest effect, especially with calcium.
C
Vitamin D supplementation reduces COVID-19 severity
Inconsistent RCT data.
E
Vitamin D prevents type 2 diabetes
VITAL and D2d trials largely negative.
Related

Related biomarkers